Foiano della Chiana is a settlement of Etruscan, and later, Roman origin. For a long period it was almost completely surrounded by water, and that led to the flooding of Valdichiana. In 1337 the village fell under the dominion of Florence and this led to the reconstruction of the city walls and towers. There is an important presence of artists in the area, the most important being Della Robbia, whose artworks we can still admire today.

The Carnival of Foiano della Chiana is one of the most famous and ancient carnivals in Italy with its first edition dating back to 1539. It takes place within the town walls and sees the participation of the four quarters, or districts, in which the city population is divided. In addition to Carnival, there are many typical agricultural products: among them all, the most famous is the Aglione della Valdichiana, the typical local garlic.